The advancements in Computers & Digital Science have enabled rapid developments in today's technologies.
Automation Domain is vast and new technologies are continously getting added to this field. Some of the recent
developments can be listed as Cloud automation, IOT (Internet Of Things), IIOT (Industrial iot) and machine
learning related advancements in automation. Automation has traditionally been used in the Industrial manufacturing
sector but rapid pace of growth in IOT and software automation has enabled its use in the Home and Office space
as well.
The IoT (Internet of things) is interconnection of physical devices, vehicles, buildings, and other smart items enabling these objects to collect and exchange data. These are also known as connected devices. The IoT is becoming increasingly popular with potential to affect our daily lives. The availability of Internet and Wi-Fi devices on mobile devices is also aiding the growth of IoT. The exchange of data by connected devices through Internet Gateways could become new revenue stream for communication providers. The smart connected devices could include from simple household devices like washing machines, refrigerators, coffee makers to wearable smart devices and also industrial applications like Jet engine of an airplane or emission parameters of automobiles. IoT is crucial to concept of Smart City & Smart Energy Management Systems and as per an estimate by 2020 there could be up to 26 billion connected devices.
Industry 4.0 (4th Industrial Revolution) with origins in Germany is new technology that is transforming manufacturing sector. The main aim is to create a smart factory where cyber physical systems play a critical part by monitoring physical systems (modelling) and making decisions. These systems also interact using IoT with other cyber physical systems (models) and with humans to run the plant operations. Some of the key features of Industry 4.0 are: Interoperability, Decentralization, Virtualization, and Flexibility. The systems should be interoperable and not dependent on the various country/code standards. The decisions should be decentralized with the cyber-physical systems making their decisions by utilizing the plant models (virtualization). There should be flexibility in use of services for rapid ramp-up/scale down.
Artificial intelligence (AI) is intelligence shown by machines. AI comes into picture when a machine acts the way humans would, for performing functions such as "learning" and "problem solving" (known as Machine Learning). Capabilities currently classified as AI include successfully understanding human speech, self-driving cars etc. Cleverbot is a chatterbot that's modeled after human behavior and able to hold a conversation by remembering words from conversations. There are also examples of voice-powered personal assistants like Siri and Alexa.
A Cloud Service is on demand service through net from remotely located servers of service providers as against from in-house servers. Cloud provides scalable access to applications, platforms and infrastructure that are managed and maintained by the cloud services provider. The most common examples can be online data storage and backup solutions, Web-based e-mail services, database processing and more. There are 3 distinct types for cloud services: Software as a Service (SaaS) – application based and delivery over internet to users, Platform as a Service (PaaS) – set of tools to make programming and deployment efficient & fast, Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) – providing user’s server and storage hardware along with operating systems. Providing shared computer processing to other computers on demand over the web is an example of Cloud Computing. These solutions provide companies with capabilities to store and process their data in third-party data centers located far away in different part of the world.
DevOps is about software development and operations, merging in order to enhance communication, collaboration & operational cooperation between these technical teams. It aims to speed up and increase reliability of the build, test and release phase of the development cycle. DevOps tools can be put in following different categories: Coding, Build /Test, Package/Release and Monitoring. DevOps can be called an outgrowth of Agile & Lean approaches that have been traditionally followed in the software development cycle. The DevOps methodology puts focus on the inter-relation of the development/operation groups and helps in integrating them as a team. The overall benefits can be seen by organization in the form of speed & reliability for deployment of product and newer versions.
Robotic process automation (or RPA) is a form of clerical process automation where a Computer (Robot) would manipulate the application software data e.g. data entry into SAP or help desk applications. The artificial Intelligence robot replicates actions of a human being in a way that they would be interacting with the user interface of a computer system. The Robotic process Automation can save a lot of time and money for companies that perform high volumes of repetitive knowledge processing using large workforce. Similar to industrial sector, accuracy and volumes can be increased for transactional work by employing RPA.
The advancements in Robotics could be the dawn of a second machine age. There are continuous evolving techniques in Coworking robots (cobots), Surgical robots (surgibot)Machine Learning Softwares, artificial Intelligence, IOT enabled devices across all industry segments. IT robotic automation works with data driven rule based processes. This market segment could grow to more than billion $ in the next decade.
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